Ngokombiko wakamuva we-Post-Consumer Recycled Plastics Market Report 2023-2033 okhishwe yi-Visiongain, imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamapulasitiki asetshenziswe kabusha ngabathengi (PCR) izobiza i-US $ 16.239 billion ngo-2022 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngesilinganiso esingu-9.4% ngesikhathi isikhathi sokubikezela sika-2023-2033. Ukukhula ngezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe.
Njengamanje, inkathi yomnotho oyindilinga enekhabhoni ephansi isiqalile, futhi ukugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki sekuyindlela ebalulekile yokuvuselela i-carbon ephansi yamapulasitiki. Ipulasitiki, njengezinto ezisetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, iletha ukuphila kwabantu kube lula, kodwa futhi iletha izinto eziningi ezingathandeki, njengokuhlala emhlabeni, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kanye nezingozi zomlilo, ezizosongela imvelo lapho abantu abahlala khona. Ukuvela kwemboni yepulasitiki esetshenziswe kabusha akuxazululi kuphela inkinga yokungcoliswa kwemvelo, kodwa futhi kusindisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamandla, futhi kusiza ukufeza imigomo ye-carbon peak kanye ne-carbon neutrality.
01
Akukhuthazwa ukungcolisa imvelo
Indlela "yokuvuselela" imfucuza yepulasitiki?
Nakuba amapulasitiki eletha lula kubathengi, aphinde abangele umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni nasezindaweni zasolwandle.
UMcKinsey ulinganisela ukuthi imfucumfucu yepulasitiki yomhlaba wonke izofinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-460 ngo-2030, amathani agcwele ayizigidi ezingama-200 ngaphezu kwango-2016. Kuyaphuthuma ukuthola isixazululo esingenzeka sokwelapha imfucuza yepulasitiki.
Amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha abhekisela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zepulasitiki ezitholwe ngokucubungula amapulasitiki alahlwayo ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezingokwenyama noma zamakhemikhali ezifana nokwelashwa kusengaphambili, ukuncibilika kwembudumbudu, nokuguqulwa. Ngemuva kokuthi ipulasitiki yemfucuza ingene emgqeni wokukhiqiza, ibhekana nezinqubo ezifana nokuhlanza nokwehliswa, ukuvala inzalo yokushisa okuphezulu, ukuhlunga, nokuchoboza ukuze kube ama-flakes aluhlaza asetshenziswe kabusha; ama-flakes aluhlaza abe esehamba ngezinqubo ezinjengokuhlanza (ukuhlukanisa ukungcola, ukuhlanza), ukuhlanza, nokomisa ukuze abe ama-flakes ahlanzekile avuselelwe; Ekugcineni, ngokusho kwezidingo zezinkambu ezihlukene zokufaka isicelo, izinto zokusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki ezigaywe kabusha zenziwa ngemishini ye-granulation, ethengiswa emabhizinisini ahlukahlukene ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe futhi isetshenziswe ku-polyester filament, amapulasitiki okupakisha, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, amapulasitiki ezimoto kanye ezinye izinkambu.
Inzuzo enkulu yamapulasitiki asetshenziswe kabusha ukuthi ashibhile kunezinto ezintsha namapulasitiki awonakalayo, futhi ngokuya ngezidingo ezihlukile zokusebenza, izindawo ezithile kuphela zamapulasitiki ezingacutshungulwa futhi kungenziwa imikhiqizo ehambisanayo. Uma inani lemijikelezo lingeningi kakhulu, amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha angagcina izakhiwo ezifanayo kumapulasitiki endabuko, noma angagcina izakhiwo ezinzile ngokuxuba izinto ezigaywe kabusha nezinto ezintsha.
02 Ukuthuthukiswa kwamapulasitiki agaywe kabusha sekuyinto evamile
Ngemva kokuthi "Imibono Ngokuqhubekayo Ukuqinisa Ukulawulwa Kokungcoliswa Kwepulasitiki" ikhishwe eShayina ngoJanuwari ngonyaka odlule, imboni yepulasitiki eyonakalisayo ikhuphuke ngokushesha, futhi amanani e-PBAT ne-PLA aye akhuphuka. Njengamanje, umthamo wokukhiqiza ohlongozwayo we-PBAT yasekhaya usudlule amathani ayizigidi eziyi-12. Izinhloso eziyinhloko zale phrojekthi yilezi izimakethe zasekhaya nezaseYurophu.
Kodwa-ke, ukuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki ye-SUP ekhishwe yi-European Union ekuqaleni kukaJulayi kulo nyaka kwenqabela ngokusobala ukusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki awonakaliswa yi-aerobically ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yepulasitiki elahlwayo. Esikhundleni salokho, igcizelele ukuthuthukiswa kokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki kanye nokuhlongozwa kokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kwezinto ezigaywe kabusha kumaphrojekthi afana namabhodlela e-polyester. Lokhu ngokungangabazeki kungumthelela omubi emakethe yepulasitiki eyonakalayo ekhula ngokushesha.
Kwaqondana nje, ukuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki e-Philadelphia, e-United States, nase-France nakho kuvimbela izinhlobo ezithile zamapulasitiki awonakele futhi kugcizelela ukugaywa kabusha kwamapulasitiki. Amazwe athuthukile e-Europe nase-United States akunaka kakhulu ukugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki, okufanele ukuthi sikucabangele.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondo se-EU mayelana namapulasitiki awonakele okokuqala kungenxa yokusebenza kabi kwamapulasitiki awonakele ngokwawo, futhi okwesibili, amapulasitiki awonakele awakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga yokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki.
Amapulasitiki abolayo angabola ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, okusho ukuthi izakhiwo zawo zemishini zibuthakathaka kunepulasitiki evamile futhi azikwazi emikhakheni eminingi. Angasetshenziselwa kuphela ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ethile elahlwayo enezidingo eziphansi zokusebenza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapulasitiki ajwayelekile okwamanje awonakalayo awakwazi ukucekelwa phansi ngokwemvelo futhi adinga izimo ezithile zokuvundisa. Uma imikhiqizo yepulasitiki eyonakalisayo ingavuselelwa kabusha, ukulimala kwemvelo ngeke kuhluke kakhulu kulokho kwamapulasitiki ajwayelekile.
Ngakho-ke sikholelwa ukuthi indawo ethakazelisa kakhulu yokufaka isicelo samapulasitiki awonakaliswayo ukuthi agaywe kabusha abe amasistimu okwenza umquba wezohwebo kanye nemfucuza emanzi.
Ohlakeni lwamapulasitiki odoti agaywa kabusha, ukucubungula amapulasitiki kadoti abe amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezingokoqobo noma zamakhemikhali kunokubaluleka okusimeme okukhulu. Amapulasitiki avuselelwe awagcini nje ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yezinto ezimbiwa phansi, kodwa futhi anciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwawo. Ngaphansi kwenqubo yokukhiqiza izinto ezisetshenziswayo, inenkokhelo engokwemvelo eluhlaza.
Ngakho-ke, sikholelwa ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwenqubomgomo yase-Europe kusuka kumapulasitiki awonakalayo kuya kumapulasitiki agaywe kabusha kunokubaluleka kwesayensi nokusebenzayo.
Ngokombono wemakethe, amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha anendawo ebanzi kunepulasitiki eyonakalayo. Amapulasitiki abolayo anqunyelwe ukusebenza okunganele futhi angasetshenziswa kuphela emikhiqizweni elahlwayo enezidingo eziphansi, kuyilapho amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha angakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni samapulasitiki amsulwa emikhakheni eminingi.
Isibonelo, njengamanje i-polyester staple fiber eqoshwe kabusha yasekhaya esetshenziswe kabusha, i-PS egaywe kabusha evela ku-Inko Recycling, ama-flakes ebhodlela le-polyester asetshenziswe kabusha ahlinzekwa ngu-Sanlian Hongpu ngezinkonzo ze-EPC yaphesheya, inayiloni EPC egaywe kabusha ye-Taihua New Materials, kanye ne-polyethylene kanye ne-ABS Sezikhona izinto ezisetshenziswa kabusha. , futhi ingqikithi yesikali yale mikhakha inamandla okuba amakhulu ezigidi zamathani.
03Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkambiso zenqubomgomo
Imboni yepulasitiki egaywe kabusha inamazinga amasha
Nakuba imboni yasekhaya ibigxile kumapulasitiki awonakele ekuqaleni, izinga lenqubomgomo empeleni belikhuthaza ukugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki nokusetshenziswa kabusha.
Eminyakeni yakamuva, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yepulasitiki egaywe kabusha, izwe lethu liye lakhipha izinqubomgomo eziningi ngokulandelana kwazo, njengokuthi “Isaziso Sokukhipha Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lokulawulwa Kokungcoliswa Kwepulasitiki phakathi NoHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu” esikhishwe uMnyango Kazwelonke. Ikhomishini Yentuthuko Nezinguquko kanye Nomnyango Wezemvelo Nezemvelo ngo-2021 ukwandisa Ukugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza yepulasitiki, ukusekela ukwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi wokuvuselela imfucuza yepulasitiki, ukushicilela uhlu amabhizinisi alawula ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwamapulasitiki okulahlwayo, aqondisa amaphrojekthi afanelekile ukuze ahlangane ezizindeni zokugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza, izisekelo eziphelele zokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zezimboni namanye amapaki, futhi akhuthaze isikali semboni yokugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza yepulasitiki Ukumisa, ukuhlanza nokuthuthukisa. NgoJuni 2022, kwakhululwa “Izicaciso Zobuchwepheshe Zokulawulwa Kokungcoliswa Kwepulasitiki”, okwabeka phambili izidingo ezintsha zamazinga emboni kadoti yasekhaya futhi kwaqhubeka nokumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni.
Ukugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamapulasitiki angcolile kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe, ukulungiswa komkhiqizo kanye nesakhiwo sezimboni, imikhiqizo yezwe lami egaywe kabusha yepulasitiki ithuthuka ngendlela yekhwalithi ephezulu, izinhlobo eziningi, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Njengamanje, amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha asetshenziswe ezindwangu, ezimotweni, ekufakweni kokudla neziphuzo, kwezobuchwepheshe kanye neminye imikhakha. Inani lezikhungo ezinkulu zokusabalalisa izinto ezigaywe kabusha kanye nezikhungo zokucubungula sezakhiwe ezweni lonke, lisatshalaliswa kakhulu e-Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning nakwezinye izindawo. Kodwa-ke, amabhizinisi ezwe lami agaywa kabusha imfucuza yepulasitiki asabuswa amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo, futhi ngokobuchwepheshe asagxile ekusetshenzisweni kabusha okungokoqobo. Kusenokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezinhle zokulahlwa ezivumelana nemvelo kanye nezinsiza zokuphinda zigaywe kabusha kanye namacala ayimpumelelo amapulasitiki emfucuza eyinsalela enenani eliphansi njengamapulasitiki kadoti.
Ngokwethulwa “komyalelo wokuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki”, “ukuhlelwa kwemfucuza” kanye nezinqubomgomo “zokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni,” imboni yezwe lami yepulasitiki esenziwe kabusha ingenise amathuba amahle entuthuko.
Amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha ayimboni eluhlaza ekhuthazwa futhi ekhuthazwa yizinqubomgomo zikazwelonke. Kuphinde kube yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu ekuncishisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwemithombo yesamba esikhulu sikadoti oqinile wepulasitiki. Ngo-2020, ezinye izifunda ezweni lami zaqala ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo eziqinile zokuhlukanisa udoti. Ngo-2021, i-China yakuvimbela ngokuphelele ukungeniswa kwemfucuza eqinile. Ngo-2021, ezinye izifunda ezweni zaqala ukusebenzisa ngokuqinile "i-plastic ban order". Ziyanda izinkampani ezilandela “i-plastic restriction order”. Ngaphansi kwethonya, saqala ukuqaphela amanani amaningi amapulasitiki asetshenziswe kabusha. Ngenxa yenani layo eliphansi, izinzuzo zokuvikela imvelo, nokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo, uchungechunge lwemboni yepulasitiki egaywe kabusha ukusuka emthonjeni kuya ekugcineni lwenza ukushiyeka kwalo futhi luthuthuka ngokushesha. Isibonelo, ukuqaliswa kokuhlukaniswa kwemfucuza kunokubaluleka okuhle ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yasekhaya yokugaywa kabusha kwensiza yepulasitiki, futhi kusiza ukusungulwa nokuthuthukiswa kochungechunge lwezimboni zepulasitiki ezivaliwe.
Ngasikhathi sinye, inani lamabhizinisi abhalisiwe ahlobene namapulasitiki asetshenziswe kabusha eChina lenyuke ngo-59.4% ngo-2021.
Kusukela i-China ivimbele ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwamapulasitiki alahlwayo, kuthinte ukwakheka kwemakethe yepulasitiki egaywe kabusha emhlabeni. Amazwe amaningi athuthukile kufanele athole “izindlela zokuphuma” ezintsha ngokunqwabelanisa kwawo udoti. Nakuba indawo yalezi mfucumfucu ibilokhu ingamanye amazwe asafufusa, njengeNdiya, iPakistan noma iNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, izindleko zempahla nezindleko zokukhiqiza ziphezulu kakhulu kunalezo zaseShayina.
Amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha kanye namapulasitiki ayizicucu anamathemba abanzi, imikhiqizo (izinhlayiya zepulasitiki) inemakethe ebanzi, futhi isidingo sezinkampani zepulasitiki sikhulu. Isibonelo, imboni yefilimu yezolimo esezingeni eliphakathi idinga amathani angaphezu kwe-1,000 amapellets e-polyethylene ngonyaka, imboni yezicathulo ephakathi nendawo idinga amathani angaphezu kuka-2,000 ama-polyvinyl chloride pellets ngonyaka, kanti amabhizinisi amancane azimele nawo adinga amathani angaphezu kuka-500 ama-pellets. minyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke, Kunegebe elikhulu kuma-pellets epulasitiki futhi ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sabakhiqizi bepulasitiki. Ngo-2021, isibalo sezinkampani ezibhalisiwe ezihlobene namapulasitiki agaywe kabusha e-China sasingu-42,082, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-59.4%.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indawo yakamuva eshisayo emkhakheni wokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki kadoti, “indlela yokuvuselela amakhemikhali”, isiba indlela entsha yokulawula ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki okulahlwayo kuyilapho kucatshangelwa ukugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza. Njengamanje, imidondoshiya ehamba phambili emhlabeni ye-petrochemical ihlola amanzi futhi ibeka imboni. Iqembu lasekhaya le-Sinopec liphinde lakha umfelandawonye wezimboni ukukhuthaza kanye nokubeka iphrojekthi yendlela yokugaywa kabusha kwamakhemikhali epulasitiki. Kulindeleke ukuthi eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, amaphrojekthi okugaywa kabusha kwamakhemikhali epulasitiki, ahamba phambili ekutshalweni kwezimali, azokwakha imakethe entsha enesilinganiso sezimboni esingamakhulu ezigidigidi, futhi azodlala indima enhle ekukhuthazeni ukulawulwa kokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki, ukugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza, ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola.
Ngesilinganiso esizayo, ukuqina, ukwakhiwa kwamashaneli kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukumiswa kancane kancane kokupaka, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kanye nokwakhiwa okukhulu kwemboni yepulasitiki egaywe kabusha kuyizindlela zentuthuko ezijwayelekile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-02-2024